Semiconductors Flowchart

IC Design & Mask Making

• Circuit Design
• Photomask Creation

Wafer Manufacturing

• Crystal Growth
• Crystal Slicing
• Wafer Lapping & Polishing

Repeated Processes

• Wafer Cleaning
• Wafer Defects Inspection

Wafer Processing

• Epitaxy
• Oxidation
• Chemical Vapor Deposition
• Photoresist Coating
• Photolithography (exposure)
• Development
• Etching
• Photoresist Stripping
• Diffusion / Implantation
• Metallization
• Thermal Processing
• Chemical Mechanical Planarization
• Wafer Metrology

Assembly, Packaging & Final Test

• Wafer Probe & Test
• Passivation & Backgrinding
• Wafer Mounting & Dicing
• IC Mounting & Die Attachment
• Wire Bonding
• Encapsulation
• Marking, Lead Finish & Decoupling
• Burn-in Test
• Electrical Characteristics Test
• Packing & Shipping

Supporting Facilities

• Cleanroom Technologies / Support
• Factory Automation & Robotics
• EDA & Yield Enhancement Software
• Metals & Process Materials
• Process Chemicals Gas & Water
• Environment, Health & Safety
• OEM Subsystems & Components